稻壳灰同时制备脱色剂和水玻璃的研究

基于稻壳灰（RHA）含有均匀分布的主要由SiO2组成的高含量矿物质的事实，研究了RHA综合利用的方法。RHA先经碱法处理后转化为水玻璃和脱硅RHA（DRHA），然后DRHA用硫酸活化制得应用于植物油精炼中的脱色剂纯RHA（PRHA）。分别探讨了影响水玻璃模数和PRHA脱色能力的因素。结果表明，在2-3mol／L范围内改变NaOH浓度或在2-3h范围内改变溶煮时间，可获得2．3～3．6模数的水玻璃产品。高脱硅率有利于PRHA的多孔性形成。在NaOH溶液浓度2mol／L和溶煮时间2h条件下，RHA转化为模数3．3的水玻璃和DRHA，SiO2溶出率达到94.83％。活化DRHA制备PRHA的最佳工艺为：硫酸质量分数5％、活化时间4h、活化温度90℃。PRHA对中性大豆毛油的脱色能力是目前植物油工业中常用的活性凹凸棒石粘土的3倍。     

防霉增强型竹碎料混凝土模板的研制

本文针对竹碎料混凝土模板易霉变的缺陷，采用线性回归分析法探讨了板材防霉性能与其密度的关系，同时采用五种防霉剂对竹碎料进行降糖防霉处理试验。结果表明，板材密度与防霉性能呈显著线性正相关，自制NPFB防霉剂效果理想，压制的防霉竹碎料混凝土模板物理力学性能达到JG／T3026—1995建筑工业竹胶合板模板行业标准。     

增强剂对粉状脲醛树脂合成的影响

研究了增强剂对脲醛树脂性能的影响。通过实验得出，复合型增强剂对提高胶的胶合强度，提高软化点（软化温度迭120℃以上），降低游离甲醛方面均比单一的三聚氰胺或苯酚的效果好；通过进一步研究发现，增强荆用量在尿素总质量的5％时效果较好，增强剂的投料方式采用随第2次甲醛、第2次尿素同时加入为宜。     

巨尾桉扦插育苗技术研究

采用不同母株年龄的穗条、不同类型的插条、不同基质配比及不同浓度生根剂进行巨尾桉扦插育苗试验。结果表明:巨尾桉插条随母株年龄增大其生根率和生长量下降;嫩枝扦插生根率高、平均根数多、生长快;用珍珠岩和红土等量均匀混合的基质扦插效果好;用质量分数为50×10-6~200×10-6浓度的IBA浸泡2 h,能较大幅度提高扦插成活率。     

Applied Behavior Analysis as a Development Tool: Examples from Agroforestry

ABSTRACT

Applied behavior analysis can be used by development practitioners to improve the design and implementation of development programs. Programs are most successful when the goals and consequences of change agents, strategists, and adopters align, as we demonstrate with real-world examples from international agroforestry projects. We focus on the role of change agents acting as intermediaries between change strategists, such as large development agencies, and development adopters, the rural farmers who implement agroforestry projects. We describe three aspects that are particularly important for agroforestry projects: (1) identifying the rules being used, (2) assessing the roles and reinforcement contingencies of both individuals and larger groups, and (3) being flexible and able to respond to rapid change.     

棉籽油及油脚合成汽车涂料固化剂原理的研究

以棉籽油及油脚为原料，经由甲酯化、异构化、聚合及酰胺化等反应，合成了汽车涂料固化剂，探讨了聚合反应的机理，并进行了应用性研究。试验表明，由棉籽油合成的聚酰胺，可以作为汽车电泳涂料固化剂，具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) plantation — An age old agroforestry system in Eastern Himalayas

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is a shade loving plant grown in the Indian hill states of Sikkim and Dargeeling district of West Bengal. About 30 important tree species are used to provide shade to the cardamom plants. Alnus nepalensis, a deciduous, nitrogen fixing and fast growing tree, is the species most commonly underplanted with cardamom. In addition to providing shade, it is also used for fuelwood. The old trees are cut and young plants coming up are allowed to grow in cyclic order. The quick decomposing leaf litter of A. nepalensis also fertilises the cardamom plants. The nitrogen added to the soil in this way has been found to be as high as 249 kg/ha. Large cardamom thrives well in a moist soil, which is maintained by water diverted from seasonal springs on the upper slopes. The system is well suited to conserving soil, water and tree cover of the characteristically steep slopes of the region. Moreover, the management inputs required for growing cardamom are low but the crop gives a higher financial return than rice or maize. The shade trees used in the system are also a major source of fuel, fodder and timber, especially as access to state owned forests is restricted by legislation. However, increasing incidence of viral chirkey and foorkey disease, panicle rot and capsule borer are reducing the cardamom productivity. It has been observed that integrating dairying and apiculture will further augment profitability from large cardamom agroforestry system.     

提高钢琴键盘尺寸稳定性的研究

文章采用PEG的分子量、质量体积浓度、压力的变化作为影响因子,探讨了不同条件下的PEG对鱼鳞云杉尺寸稳定性能的影响,结果表明,PEG处理过的鱼鳞云杉具有较高的尺寸稳定性,PEG的分子量、处理液浓度、抽真空度和浸渍加压压力对木材尺寸稳定性都有一定的影响。     

Biology,incidence and host susceptibility of Pineus boerneri (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in Colombian pine plantations

Adelgids (Hemiptera) in the genus Pineus have been reported as introduced insect pests causing serious losses to Pinus plantations worldwide. In 2008, Pineus boerneri was recorded for the first time in Colombia, with infestations noted on Pinus kesiya, P. tecunumanii, P. maximinoi and P. oocarpa. The lack of information on this insect in Colombia prompted investigations of its life cycle and infestation levels as well as host susceptibility of the main Pinus species planted in Colombia. In addition, the possibility of using a Ceraeochrysa species, an already established predator of adelgids in Colombia, for biological control was considered. Results showed that Pineus boerneri in Colombia has an anholocyclic life cycle comprised of four instars with a complete duration of between 49 and 97 d. Infestations were higher in the middle and upper part of trees. Pinus kesiya and P. maximinoi had the highest levels of susceptibility in field as well as in greenhouse trials. A survey of naturally infested trees showed P. tecunumanii to be moderately susceptible, whereas P. patula and P. oocarpa had low levels of susceptibility in a greenhouse trial but were not susceptible in the field. Investigations considering the impact of predation of Ceraeochrysa species showed a high predation rate of up to 140 P. boerneri consumed per day by a single Ceraeochrysa individual. Other predators of P. boerneri were recorded but were not sufficiently common to warrant detailed study.     

邓恩桉扦插繁殖试验

通过不同生根剂、基质、穗条木质化程度以及扦插时间等因素对邓恩桉扦插繁殖生根影响进行试验研究,结果表明:不同生根剂、不同基质、不同穗条木质化程度以及不同扦插时间对插穗生根率影响达显著或极显著差异水平,其中生根剂和基质以ABT1#600mg·L-1+红心土组合处理为最好,其生根率、生根条数和生根长度分别达93 6%、6 3条和11 3cm;采自采穗圃的半木质化穗条的生根率明显高于优树的木质化穗条,达93 6%,它们的生根率大小依次为采穗圃的半木质化穗条>优树基部穗条>优树中部穗条>优树上部穗条;扦插时间以3～5月份即春季的扦插效果最好,9-11月份即秋季的扦插效果次之,生根率分别可达90%以上和85%左右,且生根时间短,仅20d左右。